فصلنامه مطالعات حسابداری و حسابرسی
پیاپی 45 (بهار 1402)

One of the securities designed to fill the gap created by the elimination of bonds in the Islamic financial market is interest-bearing securities that can help the quantitative and qualitative development of the financial market by using legally authorized contracts. The purpose of this study was to design and explain the pricing model of securities with a capital raising approach. This research is a descriptive research in terms of developmental-applied type and in terms of nature. In this study, using the statistical population that includes Islamic securities issued in OTC Iran and the study sample including interest and rent sukuk, which is in the period of 1393 to 1398, the data collected from the new tools of OTC Iran and Tehran Stock Exchange is evaluated. To test the main hypothesis of the research, a regression model is first introduced. The basic model presented in the present study is to estimate the expected rate of return on profit, is estimated and then tested. . The results show that all the studied variables have a significant effect on the pricing of securities. An increase in nominal value raises the price of securities, but in reality the real value of securities decreases with inflation, which is quite evident in the model of the negative effect on pricing.

The aim is to investigate the impact of transformational leadership on judgment and decision-making in auditing, considering the mediating role of auditors' knowledge management. This is an applied research conducted through a descriptive survey. The statistical population included the 1300 IACPA member accountants and professional managers (CFOs/CEOs). A sample size of 297 persons was formed using Cochran formula. For data collection, a questionnaire was used. The assumed causal relationships were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) technique performed in PLS3 software. The results of the test of research hypotheses indicate that transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on judgment and decision making in auditing, as well as on auditors' knowledge management. And auditors' knowledge management also has a positive and significant effect on judgment and decision making in auditing, and it can be concluded that auditors' knowledge management has a mediating role in the effect of transformational leadership on judgment and decision making in auditing.

The present paper is entitled to identify the effective components of competitive strategies in financial and accounting information in the form of key themes and components using the qualitative technique of content analysis. Qualitative process content analysis was extracted and used to extract useful information from unstructured data (text interviews). The statistical population includes all experts in the field of stock exchange, which includes a sample of 17 experts in this field in the stock market who were interviewed and the text of their interviews was qualitatively analyzed based on Max Kiuda software. The results of coding validity were obtained at 93, which indicates the high reliability of the coding. The findings showed that the experts included four dimensions of after-sales service, market, debts and expenses, each of which includes different ratios, to identify effective components in the field of competitiveness strategies in financial statements and accounting. Therefore, it can be concluded that according to the extracted words, the financial statements of companies are a useful source for identifying the competitive strategies of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the company's business strategies and management abilities with profit quality during the financial crisis (economic recession). For this purpose, the financial crisis is considered as a moderating variable on the relationship between differentiation and cost leadership strategies and the ability to manage profit quality. The current research is of an applied type and the method used in it is a correlational descriptive type and based on the information published by the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2014 and 2019 and based on a sample of 121 companies, and the statistical method was used. It includes the fitted multivariate regression model. The results of the research hypotheses test indicate that the financial crisis strengthens the relationship between differentiation strategy and profit quality, weakens the relationship between cost leadership strategy and profit quality, and has no effect on the relationship between management ability and profit quality.

Today, although many companies believe in the necessity of disclosing their research and development (R&D) activities, the reporting extend and limits are yet to be adequately clarified as far as such a disclosure is concerned. This subject matter is pretty immature in the Iranian literature, where dimensions of the R&D activities are not well understood and Iranian companies are suffering from lack of any specific model for disclosing such information. Indeed, as of writing this report, no significant Iranian work has elaborated on the practical concept of disclosing R&D activities and the nature, type, and content of such a disclosure report. Accordingly, the present research seems to be a necessary step for providing some insight into this emerging topic. This study is aimed at formulating a model for disclosing R&D activities in Iranian companies with an emphasis on accounting standards. Reviewing relevant international procedures and guidelines and then collecting the required data through a questionnaire followed by confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis, this research presents, in a comprehensive framework, the dimensions, components, and criteria of a disclosure report for R&D activities of companies. Results of the path analysis and proper parameters for fitting the resultant structural model show that, among the 9 components investigated in this research, except for only one component (i.e., general aspects of disclosing R&D activities), the other 8 (i.e., (1) product development stages, (2) in-progress research projects, (3) patents and trademarks, (4) strategic dimensions and aspects of R&D activities, (5) accounting aspects of R&D activities, (6) current expenses of R&D activities, (7) financing aspects of R&D activities, and (8) future expenses of R&D activities) were significant and representative for justifying the model of disclosing R&D activities of Iranian companies. Accordingly, altogether, they can be seen as an efficient and comprehensive tool for determining the extent of disclosure of R&D activities in Iranian companies. It is expected that the presentation of this model and further recognition of its factors can help increase the clarity and efficiency of the capital market, improve the social wellbeing, and hence provide the required basis for disclosing the R&D activities in companies, which requires support from top management, institutional shareholders, and relevant authorities and institutions in the field of firm reporting, including the Securities and Exchange Organization of Iran, so as to boost accountability to stakeholders.

Accounting earnings as a result of the performance of a business enterprise, has attracted the attention of investors and financial analysts. Earnings volatility significantly reduces its predictability and affects audit risk. To reduce audit risk to an acceptable low, auditors have redoubled their efforts to justify fluctuations that require more time on the part of the audit team. Therefore, the purpose of this applied research is to investigate the effect of earnings volatility on the audit report lag. In order to achieve this goal, 1650 years - company (165 companies for 10 years) observation collected by library method from the annual financial reports of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, during the period 2011-2020 has been tested. The results of estimating multiple regressions indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between earnings volatility and audit report lag. Also, due to the importance of the accrual component of accounting earnings, accruals of accounting earnings are divided into three parts: change in non-cash working capital (accruals with low reliability), change in non-current operating assets (accruals with medium reliability) and change in assets net financial (high reliability accruals) are broken down and the impact of each on the audit report lag is examined separately. The results of the study indicate a positive and significant relationship between all three variables and the audit report lag, which shows that with increasing volatility of accruals (regardless of their reliability), the audit report lag increases.

Predicting stock returns, although complex, has always been of interest to investors. Investors and decision makers need information to predict stock returns.

The aim of this study was to predict stock returns in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange by emphasizing the role of financial and regulatory criteria using machine learning methods.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of the type of field-library study. The statistical population consisted of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1390 to 1396 (a seven-year period) and the hypotheses were tested using machine learning methods (linear, nonlinear and cart).

The results of variable selection test using Relief-F method indicate a significant relationship between return on assets, price-to-earnings-per-share ratio, quota, operating cash ratio, financial leverage and institutional owners' ratio to stock returns. The results also showed that PINSVR machine learning methods in linear and nonlinear mode and CART have a good ability (more than 90%) to predict stock returns, but the nonlinear PINSVR method and CART showed higher predictive power than the linear method.

According to the results, capital owners and company decision makers are advised to use the predictive power of artificial intelligence algorithms, especially nonlinear methods, in their decisions about investing in the Tehran Stock Exchange.